Are Police Society s New Criminal - 1615 Words

Are police society’s new criminal? To civilians they are in fact the new criminals. Throughout the years society has lost respect for law enforcement. Day after day civilians are dying from the hands of law enforcement, some are justified and some are not. Forcing the people to loose trust in the officers of the law. Minorities in particular fear them and are more likely to die from an encounter with the police. Police officers need to be held accountable for their actions as well as the higher ups. Police brutality isn’t just an issue to minorities it’s society’s problem that needs to be addressed and rectified. Police brutality numbers have risen over the years. In the U.S. alone police have fatally shot more than 575 people who were†¦show more content†¦These facts were reported by the Pew/USA Today poll that were conducted in 2014, from all races collectively. Social scientist who have done extensive research and countless interviews has concl uded that there is a â€Å"deep sense of mistrust† embedded in the communities according to the journalistsresource.org/studies/society/race-society/worldviews-young-black-men-research-chat-sociologist-alford-young-jr. Police have offered and tried to use many efforts to ease these feelings by making promises to the community including strategies such as community policing, community policing is a strategy that basically involves the involvement of citizens. It implements and evaluates law enforcement programs. These strategies are supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, respectively established in 1994 as part of the U.S Department of Justice. These services offer an alternative to the traditional policing strategies by becoming more community involved, in other words they are dedicated to community policing. Although law enforcement in America is still very dangerous work, America has a higher homicide rate compared to countries with similar socio-economic levels. Crime rates in

Disability Affects Devleopment Free Essays

3. 3 – Explain how disability may affect development Children with a disability may be subjected to prejudice or discrimination at school. They may be bullied or ridiculed by other students which will affect their self-confidence and in turn affect their learning capabilities and development. We will write a custom essay sample on Disability Affects Devleopment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disabilities are categorised in different forms i. e. learning or physical. Learning disabilities which affect development could be. Autism; autism is a developmental disability which affects how a person relates and communicates with other people and the world around them. A child/young person with autism finds it difficult to understand facial expressions or the tone of a voice. They can feel lonely and cut off from society as they avoid social interaction. This could affect their ability to development or interact in social settings or in the classroom. Dyslexia; is a difficulty in learning to read. A child/young person suffering from this may become frustrated and problems could arise at home or in school, behavioural problems could also be seen, as well as the child becoming unmotivated or developing a dislike for school. If dyslexia is undetected then this will affect their development at school and could spoil any chance of achievement. Cerebral palsy; cerebral palsy is a condition which affects the movement, posture and co-ordination of a person. A child/young person with this disability may only be affected physically with this disability while others could be affected by seizures, epilepsy or difficulties with speech and language. The social model of disability. In the 1970’s and 1980’s a civil rights based approach was developed by disabled people. Buildings were built in such a way that there was no access for wheelchairs. Information was produced in a way that disabled people could not use. Attitudes and stereotypes about a disabled person prohibited a disabled person from having the same opportunities as an able bodied person. Special services were created that kept disabled people segregated and cut off from everybody. The medical model of disability. Under this model a disabled person was defined by their illness or medical condition. If they did not fit into society then they were institutionalised or kept isolated at home. A disabled person had no options over: What school they attended, what support they received, If they were allowed to work and where they could work. Overall in the last fifty years there has been a huge step in thinking when it comes to the care and education of disabled children and young people. in the past the social and medical mode of disability meant that opportunities for learning and developing were denied for those with disabilities. However, today there is a different approach and majority of settings look for ways of increasing learning and development for disabled children and young people. How to cite Disability Affects Devleopment, Papers

Project Methodology and Project Life Cycle

Question: Discuss about the Project Methodology and Project Life Cycle. Answer: Introduction: This report states about the project methodology, role of project methodology, project life cycle, difference and similarities between the PMBOK and PRINCE2. Apart from this, it states that how project methodologies work in at different phases of project life cycle. Introduction to Methodology: Methodology is a systematic process and set of methods that provides idea about how to deliver projects. Along with this, it helps in identifying that what you need to do and how you can manage projects from start to end (Haugan, 2011). Apart from this, it describes the all the steps of project life cycle, which helps in identifying that how and when tasks will be completed. Role of methodology in Project management: Methodology provides a framework to project for the implementing the activities and study. This framework helps management in completing the tasks that required for the facing problem and efficiently completion of project. Along with this, methodology guides in project completion. Apart from this, methodology helps project management in defining the scope of project, time span, and the resources required (Maley, 2012). Methodologies help project management in measuring what task and activity need to be managed and when to maximize the use of resources. Moreover, it minimizes the risks and issues of projects. Project methodology cycle: Every project passes some phase through its life. Therefore, managers need to know about these phases such as are as define, plan, launch, manage, and close (Kounina et al, 2013). Project methodology cycle phases are as follow: Define phase: This phase defines the objective of this project as well as the need of this project (Joslin and Muller 2015). Along with this, feasibility study of the projects is conducted at this phase, which provides the information that the projects are suitable or not. Plan phase: This phase is important as it provide the answer of what, how, when, and where is to do. It determine the activities and tasks, budget for project, process, resources, location, and the starting and ending time for project (Nicholas, 2012). Launch phase: At this phase, the planned activities and tasks are implemented to achieve the objective and goals of the company (Marchewka, 2014). Here, the project is implemented in decided format and according to plan predefined. Manage phase: At this phase, the actual performance of the project is compared with the benchmark decided to determine the deviation. If any deviation is found out then corrective action is taken to get the project on right track (Burnett, 2012). Therefore, prototype, reviews and testing techniques used at this stage. Close phase: At this phase, it is ensured that the project is completed successfully. Apart from this, after ensuring proper documentation of project is prepared for future used and the project is terminated (Joslin and Muller 2015). This documentation may helps in completion of similar projects in future. PMBOK and PRINCE2 Similarities in PMBOK and PRINCE2 methodologies: PMBOK and PRINCE2 is the complementary of each other to implements projects successfully. Both the methodologies are used in the project completion and work simultaneously from starting to end of the project. Along with this, both the methodologies provide international approach, which helps in implementing projects successfully (Lientz, 2012). PMBOK and PRINCE2 methodology describes the set of best practices to fulfill the organizational needs. Differences between PMBOK and PRINCE2 methodologies: Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) is a book, which includes the different standard terminology and it is a knowledge-based approach. It describes the range of techniques and core practices to manage projects effectively (Roudias, 2015). PRINCE2 methodology is a process-based approach, which defines what, when and how work must be done (Epstein, 2013). Along with this, PRINCE2 method defines the role and responsibility of every one, which are involved in project management team. But PMBOK focus on the role of project manager only. PMBOK method provides an idea and knowledge about project. Along with this, PRINCE2 methodology provides a process about project initiation that what, why, when and how projects must be done. In the planning phase, PMBOK describes the core practices and different techniques for the completion of projects and defines the role and responsibility of the project manager. In this phase, both the methodology measures the risk of projects and provides the suggestions. Along with this, in this phase, PRINCE2 Methodology defines the role and responsibilities of every member, which is involved in project management team (Happy, 2010). At launch phase PMBOK give the knowledge and guide in the project completion while PRINCE2 provide the format and sequence of activities to be performed. Moreover, in manage and control phase both the methods measures that tasks is being done or not according to predetermined framework. Eventually, at closing phase, PMBOK and PRINCE2 ensure that the project is co mpleted according to predetermined framework and guidelines (Khouri, 2015). Therefore, both methodology works simultaneously in the project execution. Conclusion: From above report, it can be summarized that the research methodology plays a vital role in the project completion. It helps the project manager at each stage of project life cycle in completing the project successfully. Along with this, different methodology has specific use in the project completion. References: Burnett, K. (2012). The Project Management Paradigm. Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Epstein, D. and Maltzman, R. (2013). Project Workflow Management: A Business Process Approach. US: J. Ross Publishing. Happy, R. (2010). Project 2010 Project Management: Real World Skills for Certification and Beyond (Exam 70-178). US: John Wiley Sons. Haugan, G. T. (2011). Project Management Fundamentals: Key Concepts and Methodology, Second Edition. USA: Management Concepts Inc. Joslin, R. and Mller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Khouri, A. A. (2015). Program Management of Technology Endeavours: Lateral Thinking in Large Scale Government Program Management. New York: Springer. Kounina, A., Margni, M., Bayart, J. B., Boulay, A. M., Berger, M., Bulle, C. and Nunez, M. (2013). Review of methods addressing freshwater use in life cycle inventory and impact assessment.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(3), 707-721. Lientz, B. P. (2012). Project Management: A Problem-Based Approach. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Maley, C. H. (2012). Project Management Concepts, Methods, and Techniques. US: CRC Press. Marchewka, J. T. (2014). Information Technology Project Management. US: John Wiley Sons. Nicholas, J. M. and Steyn, H. (2012). Project Management for Engineering, Business, and Technology. UK: Routledge. Roudias, J. (2015). Mastering Principles and Practices in PMBOK, Prince 2, and Scrum: Using Essential Project Management Methods to Deliver Effective and Efficient Projects. US: FT Press. Wysocki, R. K. (2013). Effective Project Management: Traditional, Agile, Extreme. US: John Wiley Sons.

Progress of Human Development in India free essay sample

Therefore, large –scale investments in human resources are needed under public sector if physical capital available is to be exploited in a more efficient way. Human development index of India has improved from 0. 515 in 1990 to 0. 611 in 2004, but India still has miles to go before she can enter the group of high human development countries. The process of development has to accelerate the pace of human development. In this paper an attempt is made to highlight some of the factors which promotes human development. 1. INTRODUCTION Human development report 1990, has defined human development ‘as the process of enlarging people’s choices’. The most critical ones are to lead a long and healthy life, to be educated and to enjoy a decent standard of living. Additional choices include political freedom, other guaranteed human rights and various ingredients of self respect. Human development is thus a process of widening people’s choices as well as raising the level of well-being achieved (UNDP 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on Progress of Human Development in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept of human development puts people back at center stage, after decades in which a maze of technical concepts had obscured this fundamental vision (Paul Streeten 1996). â€Å"Income clearly is only one option that people would like to have, though an important one. But it is not the sum total of their lives. Income is also a means, with human development the end (UNDP 1997). Economic growth contributes most to poverty reduction when it expands the employment, productivity and wages of poor people and when public resources are channeled to promoting human development. A virtuous cycle of economic growth and human development arises when growth is labour using and employment generating and when human skills and health improve rapidly. The defining difference between the economic growth and the human develop- ment schools is that the first focuses exclusively on the expansion of only one choice – income – while the second embraces the enlargement of all human choices- whether economic, social, cultural or political (Mahbub-ul-Haq 1996). Haq rightly warns† unless societies recognize that their real wealth is their people, an excessive obsession with creating material wealth can obscure the goal of enriching human life. † The world Bank (IBRD 2006) is used GNI per capita to classify the economies by income per capita and by region: Low- income $ 825 or less in 2004: middle income, $ 826 to $ 10, 665; and high income, $ 10, 066 and above. A further division at GNI per capita $ 3, 255 is made between lowerTable 1: GNP per capit a and PPP estimates of GNP per capita in U. S dollars (2004) (in U. S $) Country Norway Switzerland United states United kingdom Australia China Srilanka India Bangladesh Kenya Niger GNP per capita 52030 48230 41400 33940 26900 1290 1010 620 440 460 230 PPP estimates of GNP per capita 38550 35370 39710 31460 29200 5530 4000 3100 1980 1050 830 Source: World Bank, World Development Report 2006. 14 middle – income and upper- middle – income economies. It Can be concluded from the table 1 that while GNP per capita in India was only $ 620 in 2004 as against $ 41,400 in USA, the PPP estimate of GNP per capita in India was $ 3100 against $ 39710 in USA (which is the standard for comparison) in 004. If we use PPP estimates of GNP per capita, we find that income inequalities between the High, middle and lower income economies are some what lower than those we observe on the basis of exchange rates as conversion factors. Human development report states (UNDP 2006) that millions of the world’s people lack access to safe water not because of scarcity, but because they are locked out by poverty, inequality and government failures. Tackling these problems holds the key to resolving the global water crisis. Safe water and sanitation are fundamental to human development. When people are deprived in these areas they face diminished opportunities to realize their potential as human beings. Unsafe water and inadequate sanitation are two of the great drivers of world poverty and inequality. They claim millions of lives, destroy livelihoods, compromise dignity and diminish prospects for economic growth. Poor people especially poor women and children, bear the brunt of the human costs. At the start of the 21st century we live in a world of unparalleled prosperity. Yet almost 2 million children die each year for want of clean water and toilet. More than 1 billion people do not have access to safe water and some 2. 6 billion lack adequate sanitation. Mean while, inadequate access to water as a productive resource consigns millions to lives of poverty and vulnerability. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Various human development indices of UNDP and HDI and its trends for selected countries have been discussed in Section ii. Comparison of human development indices for some selected countries and HDI trends among selected states are discussed in Section iii. The progress of human development in India is discussed in Section iv. Section v presents concluding observations. II. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The search for an alternative to GNP as a measure of economic development has led to the T. KOTI REDDY computation of the Human Development Index (HDI). The United Nations development programme (UNDP) introduced the HD1 in its first Human development report prepared under the able stewardship of Mahbub ul Haq, and published in 1990. The measure has been enlarged and refined over the years and many related indices of human development like Gender- Related development Index (GDI), Gender empowerment measure (GEM) Human poverty index (HPI) have been developed in subsequent human development reports published annually by UNDP. Human Development Index (HDI) The HDI is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development (UNDP 2006). A long and healthy life as measured by life expectancy at birth  · Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two – thirds weight) and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio (with one- third weight)  · A decent standard of living as measured by GDP per capita in purchasing power parity terms (ppp) in US dollars. Gender – Related Development Index (GDI) While the HDI measures average achievement, the GDI adjusts the average achievement to reflect the inequalities between men and women in the following dimensions (UNDP 2006)  · A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth. Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio.  · A decent standard of living as measured by estimated earned income (PPP US $) Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries (Hpi-1) While the HDI measures average achievement, the HPI-1 measures deprivations in the three basic dimensions of human development captured in the HDI (UNDP 2006)  · A long and healthy life- vulnerability to death at a relatively early age, as measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 40. PROGRESS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 15 development report 2006 calculated the index. India which was at No. 138 in HDI in 1994 has improved its position to 126 in 2004 (Table 2). It is observed that the HDI trends for selected countries over the last 15 years (1990 – 2004) reveals that all countries are making efforts in varying degrees to improve their human development indices. If the trend is maintained, several medium HDI countries will enter the high HDI group and several low HDI countries will join the medium HDI range. This is a welcome development. India has improved its HDI index value from 0. 510 in 1990 to 0. 611 in 2004 (Table 3). It is observed that near gender equality exists in Norway, Iceland, Australia, United States, New Zealand, Russian Federation, China and Sri Lanka. There is a greater awareness in the world about gender inequality and efforts are being made to reduce gender inequality by promoting the education of females and giving them a better status in the family (Table 4). It is observed from the table 5 that HDI varies between 0. 38 for Kerala and 0. 367 for Bihar in 2001 while Kerala can be ranked as a medium HDI state; Bihar presents a dismal value of HDI even  · Knowledge – exclusion from the world of reading and communications as measured by the adult literacy rate.  · A decent standard of living – lack of access to overall economic provisioning, as measured by the unweighted average of two indicators, the percentage of the population without sustainable a ccess to an improved water source and the percentage of children under weight for age.

Engineering in the World between 1000-1500 essays

Engineering in the World between 1000-1500 essays The castle is a unique phenomenon. Most buildings are created to fulfill a single, specific purpose like a church, a house, a factory, a school, etc. A castle could be a military base, a seat of government, a court, and a stronghold for the surrounding region. Castles have fascinated generations of people even after they outlived their usefulness. Their remains still put people in awe today. The design of medieval castles in England changed during 1000-1500 as the castle developed into the most important defense asset in war and politics only to become outdated. Castles were the product of that period of history termed the Middle Ages. Feudalism is the name applied to the military society which was created in Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries AD and reached its most developed form in Normandy in the 11th century. Feudal society resembled a pyramid. At its apex was the king who owned all the land in his kingdom (Platt 2). Immediately below the king was a group of major landholders who held their land directly from him, his tenants-in-chief. These were the great lords and magnates of the kingdom. In return for their land, they swore to give the king military service; that is, they and their retainers would fight for the king whenever and wherever he chose. The tenants-in-chief let out land to their tenants, the lesser barons and lords, on the same terms. This process was repeated all the way down the pyramid to the knight who was the local lord of the manor. The amount of land a man held was directly proportional to the amount of military service he could render (Platt 1). A knight might only be liable to appear at the muster with a horse, his weapons, a suit of chain mail and one or two servants as men-at-arms. A tenant-in-chief would be expected to provide scores of knights and several hundred men-at-arms. This decentralization of land-holding and power required that each landholder provide himself with a base from...

The Age of the Ocean Floor

The Age of the Ocean Floor The youngest crust of the ocean floor can be found near the seafloor spreading centers or mid-ocean ridges. As the plates split apart, magma rises from below the Earths surface to fill in the empty void. The magma hardens and crystallizes as it latches onto the moving plate and continues to cool over millions of years as it moves farther away from the divergent boundary. Like any rock, the plates of basaltic composition become less thick and denser as they cool. When an old, cold and dense oceanic plate comes into contact with a thick, buoyant continental crust or younger (and thus warmer and thicker) oceanic crust, it will always subduct.  In essence, oceanic plates are more susceptible to subduction as they get older.   Because of this correlation between age and subduction potential, very little ocean floor is older than 125 million years and almost none of it is older than 200 million years. Therefore, seafloor dating isnt that useful for studying plate motions beyond the Cretaceous. For that, geologists date and study continental crust.  Ã‚   The lone outlier (the bright splash of purple that you see north of Africa) to all of this is the Mediterranean Sea. It is the lasting remnant of an ancient ocean, the Tethys, that is shrinking as Africa and Europe collide in the Alpide  orogeny. At 280 million years, it still pales in comparison to the four-billion-year-old rock that can be found on the continental crust.   A History of Ocean Floor Mapping and Dating The ocean floor is a mysterious place that marine geologists and oceanographers have struggled to fully grasp. In fact, scientists have mapped more of the surface of the Moon, Mars, and Venus than the surface of our ocean. (You may have heard this fact before, and while true, there is a logical explanation as to why.)   Seafloor mapping, in its earliest, most primitive form, consisted of lowering weighted lines and measuring how far the sunk. This was done mostly to determine near-shore hazards for navigation. The development of sonar in the early 20th century allowed scientists to get a clearer picture of seafloor topography.  It didnt provide dates or chemical analyses of the ocean floor, but it did uncover long oceanic ridges, steep canyons and many other landforms that are indicators of plate tectonics.   The seafloor was mapped by shipborne magnetometers in the 1950s and produced puzzling results - sequential zones of normal and reverse magnetic polarity  spreading out from the oceanic ridges. Later theories showed that  this was due to the reversing nature of Earths magnetic field. Every so often (it has occurred over 170 times over the past 100 million years), the poles will suddenly switch.  As the magma and lava cool at seafloor spreading centers, whatever magnetic field is present get ingrained into the rock. The ocean plates spread and grow in opposite directions, so rocks that are equidistance from the center have the same magnetic polarity and age. That is, until they get subducted and recycled under less-dense oceanic or continental crust.   Deep ocean drilling and radiometric dating in the late 1960s gave an accurate stratigraphy and precise date of the ocean floor. From studying the oxygen isotopes of the shells of microfossils in these cores, scientists were able to begin studying the Earths past climates in a study known as paleoclimatology.

Marketing Experiential Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Experiential Exercise - Essay Example Looking at some important insights on how a number of university students decide on their actual purchase of backpacks? As far as modern backpack’s fashion style, convenience and capacity are concerned, there are a lot of stories to tell. Here’s a quite interesting point of view from one of the respondents. â€Å"I prefer a backpack that will make me feel good, aside from the great consideration of its capacity†. There’s no doubt why this respondent rated the three given criteria with five points. â€Å"It feels good when you carry at your back, not just convenience and satisfaction, but a remarkable sense of touch of fashion in it, for fashion is the common trend today, starting from your hairstyle and down to anything else†, she added in a comment. On average, fashion and convenience came on top, followed by capacity as consideration of the respondents prior to the actual purchase of their backpacks. The other respondent stated, â€Å"I think if I am convenient with my backpack, it follows that at some point, it addressed the consideration of its capacity.† The said respondent added, â€Å"In as much as possible, I just want to carry something at my back at a considerable weight, but just enough to satisfy me by giving me a brief space that is required for my belongings.† The survey was conducted at one of the renowned university in town, where there are many university students who gladly have chosen backpacks for daily use in school. Systematic purposive random sampling was employed so as to randomly choose the respondents who are using backpacks, but without considerable bias because everybody in the target population has equal chance of being chosen. The data collection was made possible by employing personal and laddering interviews. Below is the actual analysis based on the respondents’ responses concerning the backpacks in terms of fashion style, convenience and